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... ...Universal Declaration of Human Rights, December 10, 1948 -- "A Cause for Celebration" ... 'Demands of Dignity' 'Demands of Dignity' <DEVELOPING THE DISCOURSE ON OUR DECEMBER 1Oth DECLARATION>
On-Line Edition of the Book by Ed Aurelio C. Reyes Appendix 1-- A: Text of Universal Declaration of Human Rights |
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CONTENTS OF THIS BOOK: Response
to the Spanish Response Response to the American Non-Response Demands of Dignity
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Chapter One --------------------- Appendix 1-A Universal Declaration of Human Rights [This Document was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris, France on December 10, 1948. It represents the new official collective consensus of the world’s nations in recognizing the dignity and proper treatment of each individual human person anywhere anytime.] Whereas
recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable
rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom,
justice and peace in the world, Whereas disregard and contempt for human
rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience
of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy
freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been
proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people, Whereas
it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last
resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights
should be protected by the rule of law, Whereas
it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between
nations, Whereas
the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their
faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human
person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to
promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,
Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation
with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and
observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms, Whereas
a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest
importance for the full realization of this pledge, Now, therefore, The General Assembly, Proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction. Article I All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Article 2 Everyone is entitled to all the rights and
freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind,
such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion,
national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore,
no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional
or international status of the country or territory to which a person
belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any
other limitation of sovereignty. Article 3 Everyone has the right to life, liberty
and security of person. Article 4 No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery
and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. Article 5 No one shall be subjected to torture or to
cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Article 6 Everyone has the right to recognition
everywhere as a person before the law. Article 7 All are equal before the law and are
entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All
are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation
of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
Article 8 Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the
competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights
granted him by the constitution or by law. Article
9
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. Article.10
Everyone
is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an
independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and
obligations and of any criminal charge against him. Article.11
Everyone
charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until
proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all
the guarantees necessary for his defense. No one shall be held guilty of
any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not
constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the
time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than
the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.
Article.12
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honor and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks. Article
13
Everyone
has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of
each State. Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his
own, and to return to his country. Article.14
Everyone
has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from
persecution. This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions
genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the
purposes and principles of the United Nations. Article.15
Everyone
has the right to a nationality. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of
his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality. Article.16
Men
and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or
religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled
to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the
intending spouses. The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of
society and is entitled to protection by society and the State. Article.17
Everyone
has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property. Article.18
Everyone
has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right
includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either
alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest
his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
Article.19
Everyone
has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes
freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and
impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of
frontiers. Article.20
Everyone
has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. No one may
be compelled to belong to an association. Article.21
Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives. Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country. The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures. Article.22
Everyone,
as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled
to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and
in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the
economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the
free development of his personality. Article
23
Everyone
has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favorable
conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. Everyone,
without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
Everyone who works has the right to just and favorable remuneration
ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity,
and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection
of his interests. Article.24
Everyone
has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of
working hours and periodic holidays with pay. Article.25
Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection. Article.26
Everyone
has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the
elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be
compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally
available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the
basis of merit. Education shall be directed to the full development of the
human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and
fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and
friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall
further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be
given to their children. Article.27
Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author. Article.28
Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized. Article.29
Everyone
has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development
of his personality is possible. In the exercise of his rights and
freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are
determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and
respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just
requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a
democratic society. These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised
contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. Article.30
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein. back to top of this page. back to main chapter text.
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APPENDICES: Appendix 1-A: Text of UDHR
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